Author Archives: irina

eating

Managing GERD with an Acid Reflux Diet

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease or GERD is a chronic disease in which food or liquid contents from the stomach (gastric contents) regurgitate as reflux to the esophagus. Some degree of back-flow of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus is normal in both adults and children but excessive reflux occurs due to incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES) or the opening from the esophagus going to the stomach. GERD can also be caused by pyloric stenosis, or motility disorder wherein the gastric emptying time of the stomach contents to the duodenum is slower than the normal. GERD can also be caused by impaired digestion and infection such as peptic ulcer. Gastroesophageal reflux disease can be transient or permanent in nature. Continue reading →

Indwelling Foley Catheter Insertion and Removal

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A foley catheter is a flexible tube that is inserted to the urinary meatus to be indwelled in the urinary bladder in order to drain urine. Catheters are sized in units called French, wherein one French is equal to 0.33 millimeter. Sizes vary to cater pediatric and adult sizes of urinary passages. A very large diameter of a foley catheter may post a trauma when inserted to a small urethral passage while a very thin catheter may have leaks and may have inaccurate urine output measurement for patients requiring intake and output measurements. Catheter sizes vary from French 9 (smallest diameter) to French 48 (largest diameter). Continue reading →

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Preoperative Health Teachings to Facilitate Faster Recovery

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The Perioperative experience encompass the three major phases of surgery—the preoperative, the intraoperative, and the postoperative phase. The Preoperative Phase extends from the time the client is admitted in the surgical unit to the time he is prepared physically, psychologically, spiritually and legally for the surgical procedure until he is transported into the operating room. Continue reading →

pain

Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Approaches in Pain Management

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What Is Pain?

Everyone had experienced pain in their life. Pain comes in many different forms. The perception and tolerance of pain vary widely from individuals and to cultures. Some people may have higher pain tolerance than others. Pain can be synonymous to suffering for many people. Pain is a sensation that hurts. It can be really hard to describe pain as it varies from individuals. A pain can be stabbing, sudden, intermittent, throbbing, pinching, or aching. Pain can be acute or chronic. Pain can be mild, moderate or severe. Assessment of pain is vital to treatment and management.

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scared

Systematic Desentization as Behavioral Treatment for Phobic and Anxiety Disorders

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Phobia and Anxiety

A Phobic Disorder is an intense, irrational, specific fear in response to an external object, activity, or situation. Phobia, from the Greek word, Phobos, meaning “fear” or “morbid fear”, is a type of an anxiety Disorder.

An Anxiety disorder is a chronic condition characterized by an excessive persistent of apprehension and fear of the unknown with physical symptoms such as palpilations, sweating, irritability, restlessness and other signs of stress. Anxiety disorders have a variety of biological and environmental causes.

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foley catheter

Intermittent Catheterization Program for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

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THE FUNCTION OF OUR BONES

Our skeletal system provides our bodies a rigid framework to support the organs of the whole body. The skeleton supports the body against the pull of gravity. The large bones of the lower limbs (femur, tibia and fibula) support the trunk when standing. The cranium, also known as the skull, surrounds the brain to make it less vulnerable to injury. The vertebrae or the bones of the spine surround and protect the spinal cord, which is very vital. The bones of the rib protect the vital organs of the heart and lungs. The skeletal system and the muscular system of the body work hand in hand to enable us body movement, perfectly engineered to sustain stress and different ranges of motion. Continue reading →

abdominal pain

What Causes A Bowel Obstruction

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HOW DOES A BOWEL OBSTRUCTION OCCUR?

We love to eat. Who doesn’t? Every morsel of the food that we eat is being broken down into the tiniest molecule or atom to give us energy that we need all through out the day. People love to treat their taste buds with delicious food. Food is a part of our daily lives. After the food has been swallowed, it goes to the stomach wherein it is being digested and absorption of nutrients is made. After that, it needs to be emptied to the intestines for further digestion and further absorption for the other nutrients that is solely being absorbed in the small and large intestines. There we go hungry and crave for another food again. Continue reading →